Freedom and its educational applications between Plato and Rousseau (A comparative critical study through the books Al-Jumhuriya and Emile as two models)

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal freedom and its educational applications between Plato and Rousseau، compare it with one of the Islamic thinkers، Al-Ghazali، and identify the fundamental differences of freedom between Plato، Rousseau، and Al-Ghazali. The study used the Content Analysis approach، and its limits were one original source for both Plato and Rousseau، and to achieve the objectives of the study. The study sample consisted of primary sources from Rousseau and Plato، a total of 2، using the purposive method. To collect the study data، two documents were used، and the results of the study were summarized as follows: There is a difference in freedom according to Plato، Rousseau، and Al-Ghazali. The environment also has a role in influencing، whether according to Plato because of its connection to goodness or according to Rousseau because of its connection to nature. The environment has an impact on the concept of freedom according to Rousseau and Plato. One of the research recommendations is to benefit from the fundamental differences in the perceptions of the pioneers of philosophy in education. Plato and Rousseau about freedom and its educational applications in the educational field on the path to adopting what is compatible with the Islamic environment and culture and thus coming up with a hybrid vision in the context of the pioneers of philosophy in education، using reason and benefiting from nature in the context of what Al-Ghazali mentioned in that God destined everything and is the main source and reason and nature are the choices. Consequently، the emergence of Arab-Islamic educational thought.