Nodal deviation Its beginnings and places of appearance during the era of the Companions, may God be pleased with them

Abstract

Praise to Allah and may Allah bless the prophet and his followers

 This is a treatise presented by Dr. Mohammed bin Bosais AlSofiani about deviation، beginning، places of spread in the favourite centuries.   

This treatise devided to subjects according the rules of academic studies with proofs، documentation، classification، index and so on. It started with an introduction confirming that the differentiation is a human nature and the islamic law tell us that it will accure. that not mean we accept it but we should work to stop it and change it.

Then، it mentioned the differences between the good divergence and the unlawful one and state that the unlawful kind will lead to deterioration in the religion or in the life of the people. The first one by revocation a whole rule or a group of sub rules which can destroy a whole on in the religion. The second one - in the life of people- by causing fighting or struggling. Any others of these two are lawful.  

The causes of deviation devided to personal reason like ignorance، inclination or external reasons such as imitate the infadels or taking their ideas. There are methodological reasons such as taking the laws from the mind or dreams or infallibles. Also، there are inferencial defect in understanding the Hadeeth or exceeding the mind in front of the divine "godly" verses.      

The deviation line In the prophet time، the people were on the righ path in religion. No appearance for deviation in the group of Muslims except hypocrisy which was so limited with no affect. In the Rashideen time the prophet path "sunnah" was decleared also with small heresies. After the Rashideen، the rules of heresies started to compose in the time of Ali may god bless him. The first appearance of khawarej and shi'aa and the other sects showed up after.

The islamic regions such as Madinah، Makkah، Hijaz، Sham and Yemen were less affected. The eastern region such as Kofah، Basra and Khorasan were the places where most of heresies started in، but Muslims were mostly on the Sunnah and the knowledge was spread and the lands were opened without any affect for these heresies.                 

All these descriptions are to know the starting and the reasons of the deviation to put and state the methodological and practical and educational solutions to protect the islamic nation and pease be up on our prophet and his followers.