On Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: A Case Study of District Swat Pakistan

Abstract

Between 64 and 103 million people worldwide suffer from a chronic infection. In nations where HCV is highly prevalent, improper injectable drug use and iatrogenic infections, unsterile medical procedures are major risk factors for this blood-borne virus infection. Unsterile medical procedures (iatrogenic infections) and inappropriate injectable drug use are key risk factors for these blood-borne viral infections in areas where HCV prevalence is high. The study's objectives are to document the incidence of hepatitis in the Hemodialysis Patient District Swat, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa, the length of the patient's hepatitis treatment, and the area that was examined during my examination work in the Swat Region, Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa, and Pakistan. Surveys and questionnaires were used to gather data for the study. The statistical method used to acquire the data was basic random sampling. 2000 patients in all were chosen in the Swat Region. Illnesses with the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are major global public health issues, especially for hemodialysis patients who are more likely to contract and spread these illnesses. Investigating the prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients in District Swat of Pakistan is the goal of this study. A sample of hemodialysis patients in district Swat undergoing treatment participated in a cross-sectional study.  Laboratory testing, medical histories and data on demographic features have been collected.  In addition due to serological testing has been used to investigate whether anti-HCV antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were present?.  Also, statistical analysis has been conducted to assess prevalence rates and identify potential risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections. The initial findings from hemodialysis testing show that a proper portion of patient in District Swat's are infected with either Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C.  The total prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among study participants was determined, as were the prevalence rates among other demographic groups. Potential risk factors including duration of hemodialysis treatment, blood transfusions, and history of invasive surgeries have been examined to investigate their association with HBV and HCV infections in this group. Our study results will highlight on how common Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections are present among hemodialysis patients in District Swat.  Moreover, the identification of associated risk variables will facilitate the development of targeted preventative and control strategies in the medical department.  Using appropriate infection control strategies, educational programs and screening protocols may be possible to improve patient outcomes and lessen the transmission of HBV and HCV infections in hemodialysis settings in the mentioned society as well in the country.